The text in the question was identified by Clara Diaz Sanchez as an English translation of a passage from Ulisse Aldrovandi’s Natural History of Snakes and Dragons (1640).

Christophorus Columbus narrar, quod circa Pariam, magnum scopulum invenit, a quo tanquam ab orificio magni fluminis, tanta tantoque impetu Aquilonem versus aqua scaturiebat, ut magnum terrorem transeuntibus, non fecus ac esset immanis Serpens, incuteret: propterea illum locum os Serpentis nominare decrevit. Balbus quoque in itinere de civitate Martabar in Cocchi, meminit cuiusdam maris, quod, lingua Persica mare Serpentum cognominatur.

_{Ulisse Aldrovandi (1640). Serpentum, et Draconum Historiae, book 1, page 53. Bologna: Clemente Ferroni. Spelling modernized.}

Searching for “Balbus” in the same work, we find another mention, which has the title of his book (albeit translated into Latin):

Item Balbus in Itinerario in Indiam orientalem memorat nonnullas nationes qua simulacrum Serpentis venerantur.

Similarly, Balbi in Voyage to the East Indies records several peoples by whom effigies of snakes are worshipped.

_{Aldrovandi, page 100.}

The reference is to Gasparo Balbi, who published a Voyage to the East Indies in 1590. The passage about the sea of snakes appears in chapter 42, “Voyage from the city of Martaban to Cocchi” (that is, from Mottama in Myanmar to Kochi in India):

A i 14. del detto dopò haver navigato, quattro precedenti giorni per quel fiume, ci trovammo rincontro ad un bellissimo casale, ch’era a banda destra del fiume, addimandato Cada perpain, che nella nostra lingua vuol significare testa della bocca del mare, dove cominciammo à veder il mare, & quivi ci trattenemmo fino, che l’acqua diede sine al crescere, per che dovevamo passare per un luogo assai pericoloso di secche sotto acqua, il quale lascìammo indietro con grandissime fatiche, e timore di romperci per il vento contrario, che sossiava; pur con l’aiuto di Dio si mutò vento, & mettemmo la vela del trinchetto, & passammo in mare, il quale in lingua Portoghese è chiamato mare di serpe.

On the 14th of the said month [February 1586], after having sailed for the previous four days along that river, we found ourselves facing a very beautiful village, which was on the right bank of the river, called Cada perpain, which in our language means head of the mouth of the sea, where we began to see the sea, and there we stayed until the tide had peaked, because we had to pass through a very dangerous region of shoals, which we left behind with great difficulty, and fear of wrecking, because of the contrary wind that was blowing; however, with the aid of God the wind changed, and we hoisted the foresail, and passed into the sea, which in the Portuguese language is called the sea of ​​snakes.

_{Gasparo Balbi (1590). Viaggio dell’Indie orientali, page 133. Venice: Camillo Borgominieri.}

So Aldrovandi made a mistake: Balbi said the sea of snakes was so named in Portuguese, not Persian. Possibly Aldrovandi was relying on his memory, for there are a couple of other mistakes in the same sentence: “Martabar” for “Martaban”, and “to” for “from”. As for the location of the sea, from Balbi’s description it must be the Andaman Sea or a part of it such as the Gulf of Martaban.